Laser Cutting: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 15:11, 30 July 2024

Laser cutters use high-power laser systems which allow for precise and fast cutting of materials. DBE has 12 laser cutters in total; 2 are technician-operated large format laser cutters, and 10 small-format laser cutters that students can operated once trained.

Prepare your files for laser cutting using the information, guides, and templates below.

Laser cutting requires a General Makerspace Induction. Use of the Emblaser 2 laser cutters requires a Laser Cutting Badge.

Lasers

Type	Quantity	Dimensions	Materials	Location
Trotec SP500	1	1245 mm x 710 mm	Strawboard (1 and 2mm), plywood (3 and 6mm)	418 Makerspace
Darkly Labs Emblaser 2	10	500mm x 300mm	Strawboard (1 and 2mm), plywood (3mm)	418 Makerspace
Trotec Speedy 400 Flexx	1	1000 x 610mm	Strawboard, plywood, acrylic, mylar, fabrics, and other materials.	202 Digital Modelling

Trotec SP500 and Speedy 400 This equipment is strictly operated only by technical staff. Students must be present at the workshop to have their work cut.

Emblaser 2 This equipment can be operated by students who have completed a laser cutting badge. Students must watch the equipment for the entire process.

Materials

The following materials cannot be cut or engraved:

Polycarbonate
PVC (vinyl)
Anything containing chlorine
Some metals
MDF
Any materials without a Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS)

Materials that can be cut and/or engraved

In the Makerspace, you can only process materials supplied by the workshop:

Plywood 3mm and 6mm thick, up to 1200 x 600mm in size
Strawboard 1mm and 2mm thick, up to 900 x 600mm in size

You cannot bring in other materials to cut on the Makerspace laser cutters.

In the Digital Modelling Workshop, you can use supplied plywood, strawboard, or acrylic in limited colours, up to 900 x 600mm in size. You can also bring other material that is not stocked, such as:

Cast acrylic
Wood (thin veneers, plywood, balsa)
Fabric (natural or acrylic based)
Leather
Card and paper
Polypropylene
Acetate

Some materials can be engraved only, including:

Glass and ceramics
Solid wood
Some metals

Please discuss using any materials that are not supplied with a technician before bringing them to the workshop. We can recommend suppliers and ensure that you are making an appropriate choice for your project.

Material costs

Some units require you to pay a consumables fee, which covers the cost of some or all of your materials.

If your material costs are not covered by a consumables fee, you will need to pay for supplied laser cutting materials at cost price as you use them.

File Preparation

Vector files only

What is a vector file?

A vector graphic file contains a vector image rather than a raster/bitmap image. Vector graphics are constructed of shapes, lines, and points, which do not lose resolution or quality when scaled – think of text in a PDF.

Software that can create vector files

You can create vector files with software that you might already use, such as:

AutoCAD
Rhinoceros 3D ("Rhino")
Adobe Illustrator
CorelDraw
Inkscape

Many tutorials for this software are available online. You may also be able to get help using these programs from your tutor or from LinkedIn Learning.

Identifying a vector file

Vectors need to be made in your vector program, not just copied and pasted in or imported. If you save your work as a raster format (e.g. psd, jpg, or bmp) it will be rasterized and cannot be converted back into a vector file. If you zoom in on your vector file, you will be able to identify that it does not lose resolution, whereas a raster file will become pixelated or blurry:

Size and colour scheme

Your document/artboard/sheet size should match your material size. Leave a 5mm minimum margin from the edge of your material to your objects.

Trotec laser cutters (SP500 and Speedy 400 Flexx)

RGB red: cut

RGB green: vector engraving (“etching”)

RGB black/greyscale: raster engraving

Raster engraving is used to fill areas, either with a single depth/tonality using black or to create gradients, tone, or images, using greyscale.

Emblaser 2

Raster engraving is slightly different. Use the following colour scheme:

RGB red: cut

RGB green: vector engraving (“etching”)

RGB blue: solid fill raster engraving

RGB greyscale: raster engraving to produce gradients, tone, or images

All other colours will be ignored.

Cut lines and vector engraving must be lines of the smallest default stroke width possible in your software (e.g. “hairline” or “0.01”), with no fill.

The laser will see every line in your file, including those hidden under others. For this reason, you need to remove any doubled lines in your file. Double cut lines can cause damage to your work, material, and the laser cutter.

Nesting

Make sure to keep at least 5mm from the edge of your material, and at least 1mm between shapes. This allows latent heat to disperse from your material, preventing charring and the risk of fires.

Work must be nested to make your cutting times and material use efficient.

File size and format

Export each sheet of material as a separate PDF at your material size (e.g. 900 x 600mm).

How to set up your files > Software + Templates

Illustrator

External Links

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Note
+Laser cutters use high-power laser systems which allow for precise and fast cutting of materials. DBE has 12 laser cutters in total; 2 are technician-operated large format laser cutters, and 10 small-format laser cutters that students can operated once trained.
+Prepare your files for laser cutting using the information, guides, and templates below. {{Note
 | inline = 0
 | type = warn
 | text = Laser cutting requires a General Makerspace Induction. Use of the Emblaser 2 laser cutters requires a Laser Cutting Badge.
 }}
-Laser cutters use high-power laser systems which allow for precise and fast cutting of materials. DBE has 12 laser cutters in total; 2 are technician-operated large format laser cutters, and 10 small-format laser cutters that students can operated once trained.
-Prepare your files for laser cutting using the information and guides below.
 == Lasers ==
@@ Line 46: / Line 44: @@
 | inline = 0
 | type = error
-| text = The following materials cannot be cut or engraved: <ul><li>Polycarbonate</li><li>PVC (vinyl)</li><li>Anything containing chlorine</li><li>Metals</li><li>MDF</li><li>Any materials without a Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS)</li><ul>
+| text = The following materials cannot be cut or engraved: <ul><li>Polycarbonate</li><li>PVC (vinyl)</li><li>Anything containing chlorine</li><li>Some metals</li><li>MDF</li><li>Any materials without a Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS)</li><ul>
 }}
 === Materials that can be cut and/or engraved ===
-Both the Makerspace and Digital Modelling Workshop stock plywood and strawboard for laser cutting.
+In the '''Makerspace''', you can only process materials supplied by the workshop:
-The Makerspace laser cutters cut '''supplied materials only:'''
 * Plywood 3mm and 6mm thick, up to 1200 x 600mm in size
 * Strawboard 1mm and 2mm thick, up to 900 x 600mm in size
@@ Line 59: / Line 54: @@
 You cannot bring in other materials to cut on the Makerspace laser cutters.
-The Trotec Speedy 400 Flexx in the Digital Modelling Workshop can cut a wider range of materials, including:
+In the '''Digital Modelling Workshop''', you can use supplied plywood, strawboard, or acrylic in limited colours, up to 900 x 600mm in size. You can also bring other material that is not stocked, such as:
 * Cast acrylic
@@ Line 66: / Line 61: @@
 * Leather
 * Card and paper
-* Polyethylene
+* Polypropylene
 * Acetate
-And can engrave (but not cut) some others, such as:
+Some materials can be engraved only, including:
 * Glass and ceramics
 * Solid wood
+* Some metals
+Please discuss using any materials that are not supplied with a technician before bringing them to the workshop. We can recommend suppliers and ensure that you are making an appropriate choice for your project.
 === Material costs ===
-Some units require you to a pay a consumables fee, which covers the costs of some or all of your materials. If your material costs are not covered by a consumables fee, you will need to pay for supplied laser cutting materials at cost price.
+Some units require you to pay a consumables fee, which covers the cost of some or all of your materials.
+If your material costs are not covered by a consumables fee, you will need to pay for supplied laser cutting materials at cost price as you use them.
 == File Preparation ==
-=== Vector files Only ===
-* Vector files are the only format the laser cutter will recognise for cutting and vector engraving
-* A vector file is made up of shapes and lines that do not lose resolution or quality when they are scaled; they use mathematical equations to define shapes and lines
-* You can create vector files using programs such as Adobe Illustrator, CorelDraw, Rhino 3D, and AutoCAD, as well as free software like Inkscape.
-* Vector files need to be created in a vector program - not just imported or pasted.
-=== Line and shape properties ===
-There are slight differences between line colours when preparing files for Trotec (large format) laser cutters and Emblaser (small format) laser cutters. Use the following settings:
-=== Vector Vs Raster ===
+=== Vector files only ===
-The difference between vector graphics and raster graphics are as follows. Vector graphics use mathematical equations to define shapes and lines, while raster graphics are made up of individual colored pixels arranged in a grid. Therefore, vector graphics can be Infinitely scaled without losing fidelity.
+==== What is a vector file? ====
+A vector graphic file contains a vector image rather than a raster/bitmap image. Vector graphics are constructed of shapes, lines, and points, which do not lose resolution or quality when scaled – think of text in a PDF.
+==== Software that can create vector files ====
+You can create vector files with software that you might already use, such as:
+* AutoCAD
+* Rhinoceros 3D ("Rhino")
+* Adobe Illustrator
+* CorelDraw
+* Inkscape
+Many tutorials for this software are available online. You may also be able to get help using these programs from your tutor or from LinkedIn Learning.
+==== Identifying a vector file ====
+Vectors need to be made in your vector program, not just copied and pasted in or imported. If you save your work as a raster format (e.g. psd, jpg, or bmp) it will be rasterized and cannot be converted back into a vector file. If you zoom in on your vector file, you will be able to identify that it does not lose resolution, whereas a raster file will become pixelated or blurry:
 [[File:Vector_vs_Raster.jpg|alt=vector vs raster visualisation.|frameless|300x300px]]
-=== Trotec (SP500 and Speedy 400 Flexx) ===
+=== Size and colour scheme ===
-Cut: <span style="color:rgb(255,0,0);font-weight:bold;">RGB red</span>, hairline thickness
+Your document/artboard/sheet size should match your material size. Leave a 5mm minimum margin from the edge of your material to your objects.
+==== Trotec laser cutters (SP500 and Speedy 400 Flexx) ====
+RGB red: cut
+RGB green: vector engraving (“etching”)
+RGB black/greyscale: raster engraving
+Raster engraving is used to fill areas, either with a single depth/tonality using black or to create gradients, tone, or images, using greyscale.
+==== Emblaser 2 ====
+Raster engraving is slightly different. Use the following colour scheme:
+RGB red: cut
+RGB green: vector engraving (“etching”)
-Vector engraving: <span style="color:rgb(0,255,0);font-weight:bold;">RGB green</span>, hairline thickness
+RGB blue: solid fill raster engraving
-Raster engraving: <span style="font-weight:bold;">RGB black</span> or <span style="color:rgb(75,75,75);font-weight:bold;">greyscale</span>; a solid fill engrave should be black fill, while you can use greyscale to create different tonal values or depths
+RGB greyscale: raster engraving to produce gradients, tone, or images
-=== Emblaser 2 ===
-Cut: <span style="color:rgb(255,0,0);font-weight:bold;">RGB red</span>, hairline thickness
-Vector engraving: <span style="color:rgb(0,255,0);font-weight:bold;">RGB green</span>, hairline thickness
+All other colours will be ignored.
-Solid fill raster engraving: <span style="color:rgb(0,0,255);font-weight:bold;">RGB blue</span>, hairline thickness
+Cut lines and vector engraving must be lines of the smallest default stroke width possible in your software (e.g. “hairline” or “0.01”), with no fill.
-Tonal value/gradient: <span style="color:rgb(75,75,75);font-weight:bold;">Greyscale</span>
+The laser will see '''every''' line in your file, including those hidden under others. For this reason, you need to '''remove any doubled lines''' in your file. Double cut lines can cause damage to your work, material, and the laser cutter.
+=== Nesting ===
+Make sure to keep at least 5mm from the edge of your material, and at least 1mm between shapes. This allows latent heat to disperse from your material, preventing charring and the risk of fires.
+Work must be nested to make your cutting times and material use efficient.
 === File size and format ===
+Export each sheet of material as a '''separate''' PDF at your material size (e.g. 900 x 600mm).
-* Files must be saved in PDF format
-* Your PDF must be the size of your material sheet (e.g. 900 x 600mm for strawboard)
-* Save each sheet as a separate PDF file